Blog Archive
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information in children. Those with SPD may exhibit heightened sensitivity to sensory input or may not respond to it at all, leading to challenges in their daily lives. Symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder: Constant need...
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by abnormal cell division that results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material leads to developmental differences and distinct physical features associated with Down syndrome. Common Physical Features of Down Syndrome: Flattened face Small head Short...
Dupuytren’s contracture is a painless condition that affects the hand, causing one or more fingers to bend toward the palm. As the condition progresses, the affected fingers cannot straighten completely, leading to a claw-like appearance. Symptoms of Dupuytren’s Contracture: Nodule or Lump: A lump or nodule appears on the palm,...
Lymphedema refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that's usually drained through the body's lymphatic system. It most commonly affects the arms or legs, but can also occur in the chest wall, abdomen, neck and genitals. Symptoms of Lymphedema Swelling of part or all of the...
A balance disorder is a condition that affects your ability to stay steady and can make you feel dizzy or unsteady. Whether you’re standing, sitting, or lying down, you may feel as though you're moving, spinning, or floating. When walking, you might experience a sudden sense of tipping or losing...
Chronic bronchitis is a respiratory condition characterized by a productive cough that persists for at least three months, with recurring episodes occurring over two consecutive years. It is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and requires ongoing management to improve quality of life. Symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis: Persistent...
Amputation is a surgical procedure that involves removing all or part of a limb or extremity. It may be necessary due to a severe injury, infection, or health conditions such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Common Signs and Symptoms Leading to Amputation: Pain or numbness in the leg or foot...
Every year on October 12th, we observe World Arthritis Day, a day dedicated to raising awareness about a condition that affects millions of people around the globe. Arthritis isn’t just something that happens to older people—it can impact anyone, at any age, from kids to seniors. This day is all...
A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. This disruption prevents the brain from receiving the oxygen and nutrients it needs from the blood. Without these vital resources, brain cells begin to die within minutes, leading to...
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a condition characterized by a range of symptoms and anatomical changes that result from abnormal functioning of the pelvic floor muscles. These muscles may become either too tight (hypertonic) or too weak (hypotonic), or they may not coordinate properly, leading to various complications. Symptoms of...
Jaw pain is a common issue that affects millions of people in the U.S. It can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that significantly impacts your quality of life. Various factors can contribute to jaw pain, including teeth grinding, gum disease, or a toothache. In some cases, jaw pain...
If you've been struggling with dizziness or balance issues, it's time to introduce Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) exercises into your daily routine. These exercises play a crucial role in retraining your brain to stabilize both vision and head movements, which are essential for maintaining overall balance and reducing dizziness. What...
Vertigo is not a condition itself but a symptom characterized by the sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving. This disorienting feeling can range from mild to severe, impacting your ability to maintain balance and perform everyday tasks. Symptoms of Vertigo Loss of balance: This can make...
Your feet and ankles are intricate structures composed of bones, tendons, and ligaments that bear the weight of your entire body. They work tirelessly to support your movements, and most of the time, they perform this function seamlessly. However, when something goes wrong within these structures, it can lead to...
Your spine is made up of a series of bones, known as vertebrae, which stretch from the base of your skull down to your tailbone. Between each of these vertebrae are discs, which are round, cushion-like structures. These discs act as shock absorbers for your spine, allowing you to move,...
A wrist fracture, commonly referred to as a distal radius fracture or Colles' fracture, occurs when one or more of the large bones in the wrist crack or break. Specifically, this injury happens when the larger bone in the forearm, the radius, fractures near its connection to the bones of...
Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects the way your body processes food into energy. Normally, when you eat, your body breaks down most of the food into sugar (glucose) and releases it into your bloodstream. As your blood sugar levels rise, it signals your pancreas to release insulin,...
An acquired brain injury (ABI) refers to any damage to the brain that occurs after birth, distinguishing it from hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or birth-induced conditions. ABIs can be categorized into two main types: traumatic brain injury (TBI) and non-traumatic brain injury, each with distinct causes and symptoms. Types of Acquired...
Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves to one side, creating an abnormal "S" or "C" shape when viewed from the back. This curvature can occur in any part of the spine, though it most commonly affects the upper spine and lower back. The severity and impact of scoliosis...
Parkinson's disease is a progressive, age-related degenerative brain disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by symptoms such as slowed movements, tremors, and balance issues. While the exact cause of Parkinson's disease is often unknown, it is a chronic condition that worsens over time. Although there is currently no...
Gout is a form of arthritis that develops when there is an excess of uric acid in the body. This excess uric acid leads to the formation of tiny urate crystals, which deposit in various tissues, particularly in the joints. When these crystals accumulate in the joints, they trigger recurrent...
Most people think physical therapy is for athletes or adults in recovery, but sometimes children and even babies need physical therapy too. Physical therapists specializing in pediatrics can treat as early as a new born. There are many reasons a child may need to see a physical therapist some common...
Your spine is a complex part of your body – it requires proper posture, flexibility, coordination, and strength, in order to do its job correctly. When one of these elements is altered, your spine can emit painful responses that can settle in other nearby parts of the body. According to...
Balance disorders are not something to be ignored, as they can lead to falls and cause serious injuries. With proper treatment and management, you can avoid hospitalization and further complications. Balance disorders can develop after an injury, or as the result of a disease that affects your: Inner ear Eyes ...
After a major surgery, a rehabilitation program with a physical therapist is often needed to help you get back on your feet as soon as possible. Recovery after certain procedures like hip and knee replacements and other orthopedic surgeries can be greatly eased by the right physical therapy treatment. Besides...
A pinched or compressed nerve can cause severe and debilitating pain and without prompt treatment can become a more chronic problem and even can lead to permanent nerve damage. Pinched nerves are a problem caused by pressure of the nerves from near by bone, cartilage, muscles, or tendons. It can...
Vestibular disorders relate to the inner ear and how it helps you balance. Problems with your inner ear can cause dizziness, visual disturbances, and affects your balance. Conditions related to this, such as vertigo, can be significantly improved by a course of vestibular rehab. What is vestibular-rehab? Vestibular rehabilitation is...
When a loved one is suffering from dementia it can be stressful and upsetting for everyone involved. While dementia, unfortunately, isn’t curable getting the right treatment to manage symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life is important and can help ease what otherwise can be a very distressing situation. ...
Lower back pain is uncomfortable and can be debilitating in more severe cases. Lower back pain refers to pain in the lumbar region of your back, above your buttocks, and below your ribs. There are many reasons one can develop lower back pain, below are some common lower back issues....
Did you know that therapeutic massage can be delivered by a physical therapist? That’s right, massage isn’t just reserved for fancy spas. Massage therapy is used effectively in conjunction with other treatments to help you heal and relieve pain. Massage therapy can be used to target specific tissues in your...
Your knees are the largest joint in the body and are made up of three bones and several tendons and ligaments that hold the bones together. Because of their complex nature, the knees are more susceptible to injury. It’s important to take proper care of your knees to avoid injury...
Sports injuries occur during exercise or while participating in a sport, no matter if its football, baseball, tennis, or even swimming. Children are particularly susceptible because they are still growing, but sport injuries can happen at any age. Sports injuries can be sudden and acute from a specific trauma or...
The term neurological disorder describes disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves throughout the human body and spinal cord. Some common examples of neurological conditions are multiple sclerosis, dementia, Parkinson's disease and Stroke to name a few. There is no one specific cause of all neurological disorders,...
Sit properly – If you are at a desk for extended periods of the day, make sure your stance is okay. Sit upright, place your feet flat on the floor, and try not to cross your legs. Make sure there is a small gap between the back of your knees...
Herniated discs are a common cause of back pain. Physical therapy is one of the main treatments for herniated discs. Physical therapy can help reduce the discomfort and pain a herniated disc can cause and help you get back to the things you love. In order to understand how physical...
Frozen shoulder or Adhesive Capsulitis is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder. Over time the shoulder can become “frozen” or hard to move. It most commonly affects adults between the ages of 40 and 60. While the exact cause is unknown, certain factors, like diabetes, and...
As a new parent, physical therapy is probably not on your list of things to be worrying about for your child, especially for a newborn. However, there are some conditions, even in babies, that require the help of a pediatric physical therapist. Torticollis is one such condition. Infant Torticollis is...
Sciatica is a painful condition caused by the pinching or irritation of the sciatic nerve. Sciatica pain originates in the lower back and radiates down through the buttocks and to the leg. It is typically described as a constant burning sensation or shooting pain. Sciatica is most often caused by...
A Balance Disorder is a condition that makes you feel unsteady or dizzy. If you are standing, sitting, or lying down, you might feel as if you are moving, spinning, or floating. Symptoms of Balance Disorder Dizziness or vertigo (a spinning sensation) Falling or feeling as if you are going...
Lymphedema refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that's usually drained through the body's lymphatic system. It most commonly affects the arms or legs, but can also occur in the chest wall, abdomen, neck and genitals. Symptoms of Lymphedema Swelling in your arms, legs, shoulders, hands,...
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a serious, long-term illness that affects many body systems. Another name for it is myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). CFS can often make you unable to do your usual activities. Sometimes you may not even be able to get out of bed. Symptoms of Chronic...
An anterior cruciate ligament injury is the over-stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. A tear may be partial or complete.Symptoms of ACL Injury A loud pop or a "popping" sensation in the knee Severe pain and inability to continue activity Rapid swelling Loss of...
Temporomandibular joint disorders, known as TMJ Dysfunction is a condition that can cause significant difficulty using your jaw. The condition is marked by pain in your jaw that limits your ability to comfortably open and close your mouth. You may also experience clicking or "catching" while chewing food, yawning, or...
Degenerative disk disease is when your spinal disks wear down. Spinal disks are rubbery cushions between your vertebrae (bones in your spinal column). They act as shock absorbers and help you move, bend and twist comfortably. Everyone’s spinal disks degenerate over time and is a normal part of aging.Symptoms of...
Scoliosis causes the spine to curve to one side. The curvature can be in any part of the spine, but the most commonly affected regions are the upper spine and lower back. Signs and Symptoms of Scoliosis A visible curve in your back Shoulders, a waist, or hips that...
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain or aching in more than one joint Stiffness...
Amputation is surgery to remove all or part of a limb or extremity. You may need an amputation if you’ve undergone a severe injury or infection or have a health condition like peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Most common signs and symptoms that can lead to limb loss, Pain or numbness...
Osteoporosis weakens bones, making them more susceptible to sudden and unexpected fractures. The disease often progresses without any symptoms or pain, and is not found until bones fracture. Symptoms of Osteoporosis Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra Loss of height over time A stooped posture A bone...
Parkinson’s disease is an age-related degenerative brain condition, meaning it causes parts of your brain to deteriorate. It’s best known for causing slowed movements, tremors, balance problems and more. Most cases happen for unknown reasons, but some are inherited. The condition isn’t curable, but there are many different treatment options....
Spine-related pain is one of the most complex conditions in modern medicine. Back problems are a common complaint, and mastering treatment modalities for the spine remains one of the “final frontiers” in clinical medical practice. Who Needs Spinal Rehabilitation? Acute spinal injury: Spraining or straining your spine could leave you...
A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions that sit between the bones that stack to make your spine. A herniated disk, which can occur in any part of the spine, most often occurs in the lower back. Depending on where the herniated disk is,...
Plantar fasciitis (PLAN-tur fas-e-I-tis) is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of each foot and connects the heel bone to the toes (plantar fascia). Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis Heel pain Pain in the...
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway surrounded by bones and ligaments on the palm side of the hand. When the median nerve is compressed, symptoms can include numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm. Symptoms...
Arthritis is joint inflammation that can cause stiffness or pain Symptoms: Joint Pain Joint Swelling Joint Stiffness Redness and Warmth Limited Range of Motion Fatigue Weakness and Muscle Atrophy Joint Deformities Fever and General Malaise Causes: Genetic Factors Autoimmune Reactions Wear and Tear on Joints Infection Metabolic Abnormalities Uric...
The shoulder is made up of several joints, combined with muscles and tendons. The shoulder is very mobile and allows for a wide range of motion. We use our shoulders for so many daily tasks like showering, getting dressed, eating, and even writing. When our shoulder is injured or damaged...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Numbness or weakness...
Knee ligaments are the short bands of tough, flexible connective tissue that hold the knee together. Knee ligament injuries can be caused by trauma, such as a car accident or they can be caused by sports injuries. An example is a twisting knee injury in basketball or skiing. Symptoms...
Do you have an even gait pattern? Have you ever wondered how you run? Our virtual reality treadmill gives instant feedback on gait patterns with help from 3-D cameras. Walking and running… will never be the same again! Integrated 3D cameras help to give instant feedback for analyzing movement and...
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Symptoms of Low Back Pain Pain when resting or sitting for long periods Pain when lifting something heavy or bending down...
Joint replacement surgery is a procedure in which a surgeon removes a damaged joint and replaces it with a new, artificial part. A joint is where two or more bones come together, like the knee, hip, and shoulder. Joint replacement surgeries are performed by orthopedic surgeons. Sometimes, the surgeon will...
AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill enables faster rehabilitation, safer conditioning, and weight loss. Impact on the body and the pain of recovery are reduced, which helps people achieve better results. Athletes who have injuries and have been unable to run are now able to run in a gravity-reduced environment. Patients can now...
Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain and spinal cord process painful and non painful signals. Symptoms of Fibromyalgia Widespread pain Joint and muscle stiffness after...
Arthritis is joint inflammation that can cause stiffness or pain Symptoms: **Joint Pain Joint Swelling Joint Stiffness Redness and Warmth Limited Range of Motion Fatigue Weakness and Muscle Atrophy Joint Deformities Fever and General Malaise Causes: Genetic Factors Autoimmune Reactions Wear and Tear on Joints Infection Metabolic Abnormalities Uric Acid...
The good news is that there is a lot you can do to help your neck function properly, minimizing the severity or frequency of your neck pain. Working with a physical therapist is the best way to address neck pain. During physical therapy, your neck pain will be addressed holistically,...
If you really had to narrow down the frustrations that come with dealing with chronic pain, perhaps the single largest frustration would be having to deal with the pain day after day. Chronic pain has a way of interfering with the most basic activities. Getting out of bed and driving...
A pinched nerve occurs when pressure or force is put on an area of a nerve, causing warning signals to be sent to the brain. Pinched nerves can cause severe pain and can be very unpleasant. Pinched nerves can develop as the result of an accident, injury, or repetitive stress...
After surgery, a rehabilitation program is sometimes needed to help you recover and regain your strength. Physical therapy is often required after orthopedic surgery, like operations on the hip, knees, shoulders, and spine. Therapy can start anywhere from a few hours to a few days after surgery. Therapy is...
Deconditioning is a process that can happen after a serious bout of inactivity, or bedrest. It can result in functional losses, both in mental status and physical ability. It is frequently seen with the elderly after a period of hospitalization. The resultant loss in muscle mass and strength can have...
Ergonomics is the study of the physical relationship of work and how it relates to the individual. The study of ergonomics has produced many advances in office equipment, such as foot rests, telephone headsets, adjustable video monitors and chairs to allow for improved support and minimized repetitive strain. How...
Traumatic brain injury usually results from a violent blow or jolt to the head or body. An object that goes through brain tissue, such as a bullet or shattered piece of skull, also can cause traumatic brain injury. Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury Mild traumatic brain injury: Physical...
Occupational therapists focus on remediation of impairments and limitations. they work to help patients increase strength and flexibility to minimize impairments, but they also help patients learn practical techniques to work around the difficulties imposed on their lives by those impairments. The goal is to maximize the injured workers’ ability...
A stroke, also known as transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident, happens when blood flow to the brain is blocked. This prevents the brain from getting oxygen and nutrients from the blood. Without oxygen and nutrients, brain cells begin to die within minutes. Sudden bleeding in the brain can also...
Chronic pain can interfere with your daily activities, such as working, having a social life and taking care of yourself or others. Symptoms of Chronic Pain: Joint pain Muscle aches Burning pain Fatigue Sleep problems Loss of stamina and flexibility, due to decreased activity Anxiety Depression Poor sleep Feeling very...
Most cases of hand and wrist pain will not be a sign of a serious or long-term problem and will settle in a few days or weeks with some simple self-care you can do at home. There are several conditions that can cause pain or other symptoms in the hands...
Gait training is a type of physical therapy to help treat an injury or a physical condition that limits the ability to walk or walk correctly. Abnormal gait increases with age due to older people experiencing poor balance and coordination, weaker muscles, and delayed reactions. Common causes that may...
Temporomandibular joint disorders, known as TMJ, is a condition that can cause significant difficulty using your jaw. The condition is marked by pain in your jaw that limits your ability to comfortably open and close your mouth. You may also experience clicking or "catching" while chewing food, yawning, or talking....
Elbow pain is often caused by overuse or injury. Many sports, hobbies and jobs require repetitive hand, wrist or arm movements. Elbow pain can be the result of problems with bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments or joints. Elbow pain may occasionally be due to arthritis. Symptoms Deformity Limited range of motion...
Joint replacement surgery is a procedure in which a surgeon removes a damaged joint and replaces it with a new, artificial part. A joint is where two or more bones come together, like the knee, hip, and shoulder. Joint replacement surgeries are performed by orthopedic surgeons. Sometimes, the surgeon will...
Knee ligaments are the short bands of tough, flexible connective tissue that hold the knee together. Knee ligament injuries can be caused by trauma, such as a car accident or they can be caused by sports injuries. An example is a twisting knee injury in basketball or skiing. Symptoms...
Poor vision is vision loss that can't be corrected with glasses, contacts or surgery. It isn't blindness as limited sight remains. Low vision can include blind spots, poor night vision and blurry sight. The most common causes are age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetes. Symptoms of Poor Vision Red...
Whiplash is a neck injury due to forceful, rapid back-and-forth movement of the neck, like the cracking of a whip. Whiplash is commonly caused by rear-end car accidents. But whiplash can also result from sports accidents, physical abuse and other types of traumas, such as a fall. Whiplash may be...
Whiplash is a neck injury due to forceful, rapid back-and-forth movement of the neck, like the cracking of a whip. Whiplash is commonly caused by rear-end car accidents. But whiplash can also result from sports accidents, physical abuse and other types of traumas, such as a fall. Whiplash may be...
Jaw pain is a common issue that affects millions of people in the U.S. Jaw pain may be an ache, stiffness or pain in your jawbone or the area around your ears. Jaw pain may be mild or can be severe and affect your quality of life. Many factors can...
Golfer's elbow is a condition that causes pain where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to the bony bump on the inside of your elbow. The pain might spread into your forearm and wrist. Symptoms of Golfer Elbow Pain and tenderness Stiffness Weakness Numbness or tingling Causes...
Swimmer's shoulder is a condition which commonly affects the tendons and tissues surrounding the shoulder girdle. The tendons in the shoulder become inflamed and swollen, pressing on nearby bones, muscles or other tendons. Swimmer’s shoulder is sometimes called shoulder impingement, subacromial impingement or painful arc. Symptoms of Swimmer's Shoulder...
Therapeutic Exercise FAQ: When you say the words “physical therapy” most people automatically assume you have had surgery. Yet physical therapy goes beyond post-surgical care restoring strength, endurance, flexibility and stability to people who have been injured, are in pain, or have experienced illness. Through therapeutic exercise, it is possible...
What is Electrical Stimulation? While it may sound a bit intimidating, electrical stimulation really isn’t at all! When used correctly and provided under the guidance of a licensed and skilled physical therapist, electrical stimulation is a safe and efficacious modality that can be used to treat a variety of conditions....
What is Therapeutic Massage? When you consult with a physical therapist, you can expect to receive a combination of physical therapy services that are either active (where you, as the patient, perform specific tasks) or passive (where treatment focuses on you receiving care rather than you participating in it). Both...
What is Myofascial Release? Trigger point therapy, often referred to as myofascial release or pressure point massage, involves the application of gentle, yet firm pressure to specific areas along the body, known as pressure or trigger points. This pressure is provided by the hands of a skilled physical therapist trained...
What is Cupping Therapy? Eastern and Middle Eastern cultures have relied on cupping therapy for thousands of years, but it’s only through popular culture moments, such as the televised Olympics, that Westerners have been introduced to the ancient medical practice now popular with athletes, among others. As the name suggests,...
The Most Powerful of its Kind Are you skeptical of light therapy as a treatment modality? Your confusion is understandable—there have been mixed messages and unrealized claims about various medical light therapy devices. A look at the research will help you better understand light therapy. Power and density The FDA...
AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill enables faster rehabilitation, safer conditioning, and weight loss. Impact on the body and the pain of recovery are reduced, which helps people achieve better results. Athletes who have injuries and have been unable to run are now able to run in a gravity-reduced environment. Patients can now...
Do you have an even gait pattern? Have you ever wondered how you run? Our virtual reality treadmill gives instant feedback on gait patterns with help from 3-D cameras. Walking and running… will never be the same again! Integrated 3D cameras help to give instant feedback for analyzing movement and...
The ProKin MF is a dynamic and static balance board training and assessment system capable of single and double leg movements with up to 50 different levels of instability. This VR balance system has a wide base which allows both single and double leg stance assessments to be performed while...
NormaTec’s patented compression technology is a powerful complement to physical therapy, providing a customizable way to increase circulation to the limbs and accelerate recovery. In tandem, physical therapy and NormaTec compression therapy are robust approaches to wellness, enhancing the body’s natural ability to heal and reset. Reddy Care has this...
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy involves exercises that help you manage dizziness and balance issues (imbalance). Vestibular rehabilitation therapy takes time, but it can improve your quality of life. How does vestibular rehabilitation therapy work? The vestibular system refers to the sensory systems within your inner ear that provides your brain...
A condition that affects your shoulder joint. It usually involves pain and stiffness that develops gradually. Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder Freezing stage. Any movement of the shoulder causes pain, and the shoulder's ability to move becomes limited. This stage lasts from 2 to 9 months Frozen stage. Pain might...
Shoulder rehab is a type of general conditioning program that is designed to provide a vast array of exercises designed to assist individuals after experiencing an injury or having surgery. It aids in ensuring that person is able to quickly return to their daily activities. It permits the participant to...
Shoulder pain is any pain in or around the shoulder joint. Symptoms of Shoulder Pain Pain deep in the shoulder joint, in the back or the front of the shoulder, and the upper part of the arm. Sometimes the pain in the shoulder can be described as a ‘catching pain’....
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway surrounded by bones and ligaments on the palm side of the hand. When the median nerve is compressed, symptoms can include numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm. Symptoms...
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a serious, long-term illness that affects many body systems. Another name for it is myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). CFS can often make you unable to do your usual activities. Sometimes you may not even be able to get out of bed. Symptoms of...
Huntington's Disease is a rare, inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington's disease has a wide impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders. Symptoms of Huntington's disease The early symptoms of Huntington's...
Sciatica refers to pain that travels along the path of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve travels from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg. Symptoms of Sciatica Moderate to severe pain in lower back, buttock and down your leg. Numbness or weakness in your...
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Symptoms of Low Back Pain Pain when resting or sitting for long periods Pain when lifting something heavy or bending...
Post-operative rehabilitation is a specialized form of physical therapy designed to aid in the recovery from surgery by restoring function and accelerating the healing process. Physical therapist's goal is to help improve range of Motion and flexibility Strengthen your muscles Reduce joint pain Benefits to receiving physical therapy postoperatively including:...
Neck pain is pain that starts in the neck and can be associated with radiating pain down one or both of the arms. Neck pain can come from a number of disorders or diseases that involve any of the tissues in the neck, nerves, bones, joints, ligaments or muscles. Symptoms...
Spine-related pain is one of the most complex conditions in modern medicine. Back problems are a common complaint, and mastering treatment modalities for the spine remains one of the “final frontiers” in clinical medical practice. Who Needs Spinal Rehabilitation? Acute spinal injury: Spraining or straining your spine could leave...
Reddy Care Physical, Occupational, and Aquatic Therapy is a WorkSTEPS provider, offering work hardening programs to help you get back to work. Work hardening is concerned with strengthening certain body components and improving physical performance. The basic goal of work hardening is to get you in peak physical condition for...
Hip pain is the general term for pain in or around the hip joint. It isn’t always felt in the hip itself but may instead be felt in the groin or thigh. Symptoms of Hip Pain Depending on the condition that's causing your hip pain, you might feel the discomfort...
Aquatic Therapy is a form of physical therapy that involves exercises that are performed in water for physical rehabilitation, relaxation, fitness and other therapeutic benefits. Aquatic therapy may include underwater walking and stair training for stretching and water weights for strengthening. Aquatic therapy reduces the amount of gravity on a...
Plantar fasciitis (PLAN-tur fas-e-I-tis) is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of each foot and connects the heel bone to the toes (plantar fascia). Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis Heel pain Pain in...
A wrist fracture can mean that a person has broken one of the small (carpal) bones in this joint or, more commonly, the distal radius, which is the larger of the two bones that make up the forearm. This bone most often breaks at the lower end, near where it...
Cerebral Palsy is a group of disorders that affect normal movement in different parts of the body. This condition can cause problems with posture, manner of walking, muscle tone, and coordination of movement. Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy Physical Symptoms Contractures Exaggerated or jerky reflexes Floppy muscle tone Gastrointestinal...
A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions that sit between the bones that stack to make your spine. A herniated disk, which can occur in any part of the spine, most often occurs in the lower back. Depending on where the herniated disk is,...
Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain and spinal cord process painful and non painful signals. Symptoms of Fibromyalgia Widespread pain Joint and muscle stiffness after...
Gout is a common and complex form of arthritis that can affect anyone. It's characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in one or more joints, most often in the big toe. Symptoms of Gout Intense pain Discoloration or redness Stiffness Swelling Tenderness, even to a...
A Pinched Nerve occurs when too much pressure is applied to a nerve by surrounding tissues, such as bones, cartilage, muscles or tendons. This pressure can cause pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness. Symptoms of Pinched Nerve Numbness or decreased sensation in the area supplied by the nerve Sharp, aching or...
Osteoporosis weakens bones, making them more susceptible to sudden and unexpected fractures. The disease often progresses without any symptoms or pain, and is not found until bones fracture. Symptoms of Osteoporosis Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra Loss of height over time A stooped posture A...
Lymphedema refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that's usually drained through the body's lymphatic system. It most commonly affects the arms or legs, but can also occur in the chest wall, abdomen, neck and genitals. Symptoms of Lymphedema Swelling in your arms, legs, shoulders,...
A Balance Disorder is a condition that makes you feel unsteady or dizzy. If you are standing, sitting, or lying down, you might feel as if you are moving, spinning, or floating. Symptoms of Balance Disorder Dizziness or vertigo (a spinning sensation) Falling or feeling as if you...
Arthritis is a common disorder that affects your joints. It can cause pain and inflammation, making it difficult to move or stay active. There are many types of arthritis. Each form causes different symptoms and may need different treatments. While arthritis usually affects older adults, it c an develop in...
Arthritis is a common disorder that affects your joints. It can cause pain and inflammation, making it difficult to move or stay active. There are many types of arthritis. Each form causes different symptoms and may need different treatments. While arthritis usually affects older adults, it c an develop in...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Numbness or weakness...
An anterior cruciate ligament injury is the over-stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. A tear may be partial or complete.Symptoms of ACL Injury A loud pop or a "popping" sensation in the knee Severe pain and inability to continue activity Rapid swelling Loss of...
Parkinson’s disease is an age-related degenerative brain condition, meaning it causes parts of your brain to deteriorate. It’s best known for causing slowed movements, tremors, balance problems and more. Most cases happen for unknown reasons, but some are inherited. The condition isn’t curable, but there are many different treatment options....
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain or aching in more than one joint...
Stroke occurs due to a decrease in oxygen to the brain. A bleed or blockage in the brain’s blood supply can cause it. Immediate emergency treatment may help prevent life-threatening consequences. Symptoms of Stroke Confusion, including difficulty speaking and understanding speech A headache, possibly with altered consciousness or vomiting...
Total joint replacement is a commonly performed surgical procedure in which arthritic or damaged joints are replaced with prosthetic components to restore the function of the joint. The prosthetic device is made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. The goal of joint replacement is to relieve pain and make it possible...
Chronic pain is pain that lasts for over three months. The pain can be there all the time, or it may come and go. It can happen anywhere in your body. Chronic pain can interfere with your daily activities, such as working, having a social life and taking care of...
Whiplash is a neck injury due to forceful, rapid back-and-forth movement of the neck, like the cracking of a whip.Whiplash is commonly caused by rear-end car accidents. But whiplash can also result from sports accidents, physical abuse and other types of traumas, such as a fall. Whiplash may be called...
Jaw pain is a common issue that affects millions of people in the U.S. Jaw pain may be mild or can be severe and affect your quality of life. Many factors can cause jaw pain, such as grinding your teeth, gum disease or a toothache. Jaw pain may also...
Dupuytren contracture is a painless condition that causes one or more fingers to bend toward the palm of the hand. The affected fingers can't straighten completely. Symptoms of Dupuytren’s Contracture Not being able to lay your hand flat on a table, palm down (called the tabletop test) One...
Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly. It's a type of neural tube defect. The neural tube is the structure in a developing embryo that eventually becomes the baby's brain, spinal cord and the tissues that enclose them. Symptoms of...
Muscular dystrophies are a group of muscle diseases caused by mutations in a person’s genes. Over time, muscle weakness decreases mobility, making everyday tasks difficult. Symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy Frequent falls Difficulty rising from a lying or sitting position Trouble running and jumping Waddling gait Walking on the...
Dyspraxia is a brain-based motor disorder. It affects fine and gross motor skills, motor planning, and coordination. Although it can affect cognitive skills, it’s not related to intelligence.Dyspraxia symptoms in children Unusual body positions General irritability Sensitivity to loud noises Feeding and sleeping problems A high level of movement of...
Degenerative disk disease is when your spinal disks wear down. Spinal disks are rubbery cushions between your vertebrae (bones in your spinal column). They act as shock absorbers and help you move, bend and twist comfortably. Everyone’s spinal disks degenerate over time and is a normal part of aging.Symptoms of...
Amputation is surgery to remove all or part of a limb or extremity. You may need an amputation if you’ve undergone a severe injury or infection or have a health condition like peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Most common signs and symptoms that can lead to limb loss, Pain or numbness...
Poor vision is vision loss that can't be corrected with glasses, contacts or surgery. It isn't blindness as limited sight remains. Low vision can include blind spots, poor night vision and blurry sight. Symptoms of Poor Vision Severe, sudden eye pain Recurrent pain in or around the eye Hazy,...
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that affects your brain function. Effects are usually temporary but can include headaches and problems with concentration, memory, balance and coordination. Concussions are usually caused by a blow to the head. Violently shaking of the head and upper body also can cause concussions....
Neck pain is pain that starts in the neck and can be associated with radiating pain down one or both of the arms. Neck pain can come from a number of disorders or diseases that involve any of the tissues in the neck, nerves, bones, joints, ligaments or muscles.Symptoms of...
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) refers to a broad constellation of symptoms and anatomic changes related to abnormal function of the pelvic floor musculature. The disordered function corresponds to either increase activity (hypertonicity) or diminished activity (hypotonicity) or inappropriate coordination of the pelvic floor muscles. Symptoms of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction...
Osteoporosis is a condition in which there is a decrease in the amount and thickness of bone tissue. This causes the bones to become weak and break more easily. Osteoporosis may be caused by older age, hormone changes, taking certain medicines, and not eating enough foods with calcium and vitamin...
Knee ligaments are the short bands of tough, flexible connective tissue that hold the knee together. Knee ligament injuries can be caused by trauma, such as a car accident. Or they can be caused by sports injuries. An example is a twisting knee injury in basketball or skiing. Symptoms of...
Arthritis is a common disorder that affects your joints. It can cause pain and inflammation, making it difficult to move or stay active. There are many types of arthritis. Each form causes different symptoms and may need different treatments. While arthritis usually affects older adults, it can develop in men,...
Cerebral palsy is a physical disability that’s an umbrella term referring to a group of disorders affecting a person’s ability to move. Causes of Cerebral Palsy A premature birth earlier than 37 weeks. Prolonged oxygen loss during the pregnancy or the birth process. Low birth weight. Being a...
An acquired brain injury (ABI) is an injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma. Essentially, this type of brain injury is one that has occurred after birth. There are two types of acquired brain injury: traumatic and non-traumatic. A traumatic brain injury...
A stroke, also known as transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident, happens when blood flow to the brain is blocked. This prevents the brain from getting oxygen and nutrients from the blood. Without oxygen and nutrients, brain cells begin to die within minutes. Sudden bleeding in the brain can also...
Vertigo is a symptom, rather than a condition itself. It's the sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning. This feeling may be barely noticeable, or it may be so severe that you find it difficult to keep your balance and do everyday tasks. Symptoms...
Lymphedema refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that's usually drained through the body's lymphatic system. It most commonly affects the arms or legs, but can also occur in the chest wall, abdomen, neck, and genitals. Symptoms of Lymphedema Swelling of part or all of the...
Autism is a complicated condition that includes problems with communication and behavior. It can involve a wide range of symptoms and skills. ASD can be a minor problem or a disability that needs full-time care in a special facility. Common symptoms of Autism A lack of eye contact A narrow...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes joint inflammation and pain. It happens when the immune system doesn’t work properly and attacks the lining of the joints, called the synovium. The disease commonly affects the hands, knees or ankles, and usually the same joint on both sides of the body, such as both...
Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin.Some of the symptoms...
A balance disorder is a condition that makes you feel unsteady or dizzy. If you are standing, sitting, or lying down, you might feel as if you are moving, spinning, or floating. If you are walking, you might suddenly feel as if you are tipping over. Symptoms Signs and symptoms...
Plantar fasciitis is a painful condition that affects the bottom of the heel. Plantar fascia is a thick tissue band that connects the heel to the front of the foot. When this becomes inflamed, it causes pain and stiffness in the heal. Typically, plantar fasciitis-related pain develops gradually over...
Hip pain is a common condition that can cause pain inside the joint, outside the hip, or even on the upper thighs, buttocks, or groin. Hip pain can be acute, from a recent impact or injury, or chronic caused by a degenerative disease. Hip Pain Symptoms Tenderness or pain Trouble...
Scoliosis causes the spine to curve to one side. The curvature can be in any part of the spine, but the most commonly affected regions are the upper spine and lower back. Signs and Symptoms of Scoliosis A visible curve in your back Shoulders, a waist, or hips that...
Parkinson's disease is an age-related degenerative brain condition in which parts of the brain deteriorate. It is best known for causing slowed movements, tremors, balance issues, and other symptoms. The majority of cases occur for unknown reasons, but some are inherited. Although the condition is incurable, there are numerous treatment...
Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes pain all over the body (also referred to as widespread pain), sleep problems, fatigue, and often emotional and mental distress. Symptoms Widespread pain Joint and muscle stiffness after sleeping Headaches Irregular sleep patterns Tingling and numbness in the hands and feet Restless legs...
Normatec is a clinically proven method for accelerating recovery and minimizing pain and soreness. Initially, the user will experience a pre-inflate cycle, during which the attachments will fill with air and conform to their exact body shape The benefits of this recovery method, which are essentially the benefits of...
What is Carpal Tunnel syndrome? Carpal tunnel syndrome, also known as median nerve compression, is a condition characterized by hand numbness, tingling, or weakness. It is caused by pressure on your median nerve, which runs the length of your arm, passes through the carpal tunnel in your wrist, and ends...
A wrist fracture refers to a distal radius fracture or a Colles' fracture. It occurs when one or more of the large wrist bones fracture or crack. Specifically, a broken wrist occurs when the larger bone in the forearm is fractured where it connects to the bones of the hand...
Herniated Disc consists of a series of bones (vertebrae) that extend from the base of your skull to your tailbone. Between your vertebrae are disks, which are round cushions. The disks act as cushions between your bones, allowing you to bend and move without difficulty. When one of these disks...
Occupational therapy (OT) can be a highly effective treatment modality. OT derives its name from the notion that everyone has "occupational roles" in life (e.g., parent, hobbyist, spouse or employee). Occupational therapy aids in the development or restoration of basic motor, cognitive, and emotional skills required to perform these tasks....
Postoperative rehabilitation is a type of physical therapy that is intended to help you recover from surgery. Postoperative rehabilitation, when used properly, reduces pain, shortens recovery time, and assists you in regaining function of your injured bones, muscles, or tissues. The Reddy Care Physical & Occupational Therapy team will perform...
Gout occurs as a result of excessive uric acid in the body. It’s a disease and its overload in the body leads to the formation of tiny crystals of urate that deposit in various tissues of the body, especially the joints. When crystals form in the joints, it causes recurring...
What is Multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms, including problems with vision, arm or leg movement, sensation or balance. Early signs and symptoms Fatigue Difficulty walking Vision problems, such as blurred vision...
Motor Vehicle Accidents are becoming common in the last few years. The worst is when you have to deal with injuries. One head-on collision can cause a long-term injury to the head, back, neck, abdomen, or legs. It can be the worst nightmare as well. You sure don’t want to...
Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. Signs and Symptoms There are 10 warning signs of possible Alzheimer's disease: Memory changes disrupt...
Shoulder pain is a common and frustrating problem. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body, making it particularly susceptible to injury. A group of four muscles and their tendons, called the rotator cuff, give it its range-of-motion. Swelling, damage, or bone changes around the rotator cuff can...
Range of motion (ROM) describes the distance and direction a joint can move. Different types of joints have different ranges of motion. Limited range of motion happens when a joint or a body part can’t reach its normal range of motion. Limited range of motion may occur due to pain,...
Muscular Dystrophy refers to a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle weakness. Muscular Dystrophy is a rare disease when over time your muscles shrink and become weaker. Muscular Dystrophy may affect the way you perform your daily activities such as the way you brush your teeth or walk. Muscular...
The Kinesis wall is a cable-cross piece of equipment that allows patients to do an infinite range of natural exercises to challenge your strength, flexibility, coordination and balance. Kinesis workouts help to strengthen legs, stabilize hips, back muscles, chest and arms. Instead of the body following the machine such as...
Myth: Helmets prevent concussions Fact: Wearing a helmet may prevent a skull fracture or other serious injuries. If your brain shakes with enough force in the skull too aggressively, even when wearing a helmet, it can still cause a concussion. Myth: Symptoms of concussions begin right away after...
Arthritis is a disease that attacks the tissues of the joints. Symptoms of hand arthritis may include pain, swelling, stiffness and deformity. The condition develops due to wear and tear of the joint. When the joints are affected by arthritis, activities of daily living can be difficult. Assistive devices...
Duke University’s Department of Physical Therapy sums up energy conservation, “Energy conservation is the way activities are done to minimize muscle fatigue, joint stress, and pain. By using your body efficiently and doing things in a sequential way, you can save your energy, remain independent, and be less frustrated by...
Physical therapy after a total knee replacement is important for a speedy and full recovery. A physical therapy program includes specific exercises to help regain your range of motion and strength to help you return to your everyday daily activities. Your physical therapist will prescribe you exercises during your appointment...
Falls are the leading cause of injury and injury death within the ages of 65 and up. Falls are common but can be preventable. “About 36 million falls are reported among older adults each year—resulting in more than 32,000 deaths. Each year, about 3 million older adults are treated in...
Pelvic floor exercises help to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles such as your bladder, bowel (large intestine) and internal reproductive organs. Your pelvic floor muscles hold these organs in place while also providing the flexibility to assist with bodily functions. Pelvic floor therapy can help relieve symptoms like pain and...
Come Prepared. Bring X Ray or MRI images to your first appointment if you feel your physical therapist or occupational therapist will need them. Write down your list of medications and symptoms before arriving at your appointment so you don’t forget to mention any information. Coming to your evaluation appointment...
June is National Fruit & Vegetables Month. Your diet plays a vital role in helping you recover from an injury. Physical therapy and eating healthy foods helps you have a quick and fast recovery. “A diet rich in vegetables and fruits can lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of heart...
Reddy Care Physical, Occupational and Aquatic Therapy is a WorkSTEPS provider, carrying out work hardening programs to prepare you for a return to work. Work hardening focuses on strengthening certain body parts and reaching physical performance. The main focus of work hardening is to get you into peak physical shape...
Gait is known as a person’s pattern of walking. Gait training is a type of physical therapy to help treat an injury or a physical condition that limits the ability to walk or walk correctly. Abnormal gait increases with age due to older people experiencing poor balance and coordination, weaker...
June is National Safety Month. The goal of Summer Safety Month is to increase public awareness of the leading safety and health risks that are increased in the summer months to decrease the number of injuries. The following summer safety tips are to keep you and your family safe. ...
Hands-on therapy is a type of physical therapy that involves physical manipulation and/or manual contact using the hands to treat an injury, disability, condition or musculoskeletal pain. Hands-on therapy focuses on the source of the problem, and the therapist has direct contact with the patient. Hands-on physical therapy does not...
Fibromyalgia, also known as fibrositis, is a condition that causes widespread pain and tenderness all over the body. Other symptoms may include fatigue, cognitive difficulties, anxiety, migraines, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and postural tachycardia syndrome. While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, there are treatments that can help control...
Huntington’s disease, also known as HD or Huntington’s chorea, is an inherited disease in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time. “HD causes deterioration in a person’s physical, mental, and emotional abilities, usually during their prime working years, and currently has no cure. Most people start developing...
Are you experiencing numbness, weakness, sharp or achy pain in your arms, legs, shoulders or buttocks? If yes, this may be an indicator of a herniated disc in your neck or lower back. A disc is the rubbery cushion that sits between the bones that stack to make your spine....
Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the backbone also known as the spine. Scoliosis causes a C-shaped or an S-shaped curvature which alters a person’s alignment and posture. Scoliosis can appear at any age and can range from mild to severe. Symptoms of scoliosis may include Lower back pain...
Pinched nerves occur when there is too much pressure applied to a nerve. A nerve is surrounded by tissues, such as bones, muscles, tendons or cartilage. A pinched nerve can occur in any part of the body such as the lower back, upper middle back, neck, hand, elbow or wrist....
The ankle joint connects the shinbone to the upper bone of the foot. Your ankle helps to keep balance and stabilize your body. When you cause damage or harm to part of the ankle, it may affect other parts of the ankle and foot. Ankle conditions may occur due...
Patients start vestibular rehabilitation because they want to improve their balance, mobility, confidence and day to day activities. Vestibular rehabilitation is an exercise program which helps to improve balance and reduce problems related to dizziness while better managing and decreasing motion sensitivity and vertigo. Dizziness symptoms may be defined...
Swimmer’s shoulder is also known as shoulder impingement. Swimmer’s shoulder is shoulder pain caused by connective tissue rubbing against the shoulder blade. Swimmer’s shoulder is a condition in most swimmers which often bothers their shoulder due to constant joint rotation. “Shoulder pain is the most frequent orthopedic injury in...
May is national stroke awareness month. It is important to be aware of stroke signs, symptoms, causes, and treatments. A stroke is also known as CVA, cerebrovascular accident. “Stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. It is the No. 5 cause of death...
May is National Arthritis Awareness Month. It is important to be aware of arthritis symptoms, causes and treatments. Arthritis can lead to severe joint pain which can affect a person's mental and physical health. Arthritis is another way of referring to joint pain/inflammation. There is a significant amount of different...
Dementia is the impaired ability to think, remember, or make decisions that may interfere with your daily activities. Dementia is known to affect mostly older adults. People with dementia have problems with memory, attention, communication, judgment and visual perception. There are several different types of dementia; Alzheimer’s, Vascular, Lewy Body,...
Golfer's elbow is also known as Medial Epicondylitis. Kevin Zemana PT, DPT states, “Medial epicondylitis is mostly seen in people with increased repetitive movements at work, throwing sports, weight lifting and other gripping activities. Overuse of the muscles causes inflammation of the tendinous insertion near the elbow.” Golfer’s elbow is...
Good nutrition and diet is an essential part of staying healthy and active. Poor nutrition can be harmful to kids, adults and seniors. Poor eating habits include not eating enough, over eating, and not eating enough healthy foods which provide your body with water, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. Poor...
Spring's warm weather and longer daylight hours make it a great season to be outdoors to take walks and see flowers in bloom. Spring is the perfect time to start gardening. You may or may not have a gardening routine but it is important to remember that gardening comes with...
April is Autism Awareness Month. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability. ASD can range from mild to severe depending on the child’s social, communication, and behavior challenges. Some people with ASD need more help with their daily lives and activities compared to others. Signs of ASD are more...
At Reddy Care Physical, Occupational and Aquatic Therapy, we offer a combination of physical therapy services that are either active or passive. Active treatment focuses on the patient performing specific tasks while passive treatment focuses on the patient receiving care rather than participating in it. Massage therapy is a type...
Millions of people suffer from back pain whether it's due to an injury or illness. Exercise is a good way to get rid of back pain. Exercising the back reduces stiffness and improves mobility to keep the ligaments and tendons flexible to prevent injuries. Here are a few Do’s and...
Aquatic therapy is a form of physical therapy that involves exercises that are performed in water for physical rehabilitation, relaxation, fitness and other therapeutic benefits. Aquatic therapy may include underwater walking and stair training for stretching and water weights for strengthening. Aquatic therapy reduces the amount of gravity on a...
In the late 1800’s, occupational therapy (OT) was mainly in psychiatric hospitals. OTs worked with the mentally unstable population using purposeful and meaningful activities giving these patients a sense of purpose. These activities mainly used arts and crafts. By using an activity, it allowed these patients a feeling of accomplishment...
What better way to start your road to recovery than in the comfort of your own home? Our physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) can come to you. Your injury or personal circumstance may prevent you from leaving your home. If this is the case IN-HOME physical therapy and...
High blood pressure is also known as HBD or hypertension. Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. High blood pressure is a condition when the blood against your artery walls is higher than normal. If you have high blood pressure you are at...
Your shoulder is the most flexible joint in your body. You use your shoulders everyday for movement and daily activities. Your shoulder relies on tendons, muscles and bones to function properly making your shoulder more vulnerable to instability and injury. Causes of shoulder pain, may include: Overuse injuries Impingement...
Your pinky and thumb are the fingers most impacted when holding a smartphone, tablet, or video game controller. “As of 2019, the Pew Research Center estimates that 81 percent of Americans own smartphones.” Your fingers and thumb can become inflamed and cramp up if you spend too much time gripping...
Pelvic pain is pain or discomfort felt in the lower abdomen area. Pelvic pain is more common in women than men. Pelvic pain for women can be a sign that there is a problem with one of the organs such as uterus, ovaries or cervix. There are many causes and...
Being active can improve your quality of life, health, comfort and mobility. As the nicer weather approaches you may want to shift your focus from indoor to outdoor exercises and activities. Exercising outdoors lets you appreciate the warm weather and scenery. “Studies have shown that physical activity outdoors lowers a...
Stress is when you are feeling overwhelmed or unable to cope with mental, physical or emotional pressure. Everyone experiences stress and deals with it differently. Different life events and situations can cause stress. Stress can be positive or negative depending on the situation. Positive stress (eustress) may include weddings, holidays...
Lower back pain is a common but painful condition that affects the lower portion of the spine. Low back pain can result from injuries, conditions or diseases. Most common lower back pain is caused by an injury to a muscle, ligament, joint or disc. Lower back pain can range from...
Occupational therapy helps along the road to recovery after a stroke. “A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts (or ruptures). When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it...
A femur fracture is known as a broken thighbone. The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body. The femur runs from below the hip to the beginning of the knee. A femur fracture may occur in three different areas: the higher end near the hip and pelvis,...
A concussion is known as mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). A concussion is a brain injury when the brain is violently shaken. Concussions may cause physical, behavioral or cognitive symptoms. You may experience a concussion at any age. Concussions may happen due to sports injuries, falls, motor vehicle accidents, physical...
The shin bone (tibia) is the largest bone in the lower leg. The top of the tibia connects to the knee joint while the bottom connects to the ankle joint. When pain is present along the shin bone this is known as shin splints. Shin splints are medically known as...
The hip is a large ball and socket joint which allows mobility for us to walk and run. When the hip is injured it can cause discomfort and pain. Hip pain is a condition that limits your mobility, leading to limping, loss of motion, and more. Conditions that commonly...
The elbow is a joint between the upper arm and forearm. The elbow consists of three bones which are known as the humerus, ulna and radius. An elbow fracture may occur when there is enough force on the elbow to break one of the three bones. Elbow fractures may occur...
Achilles tendinopathy is an injury of the achilles tendon. Achilles tendon is the thick band of tissue on the back of the lower leg that connects the calf muscles to the heel. Achilles tendon pain is felt in the heel and up the back of the ankle when walking and...
Demonstrating good posture is important for your overall health. Poor posture may occur due to an injury, illness, daily habits, occupation or the use of technology. Poor posture while sitting and standing can cause back pain, neck pain or shoulder pain. In order to keep good posture you need your...
Nerve damage is also known as peripheral neuropathy (PN). PN is a condition where the nerves that carry messages from your brain and spinal cord, to the rest of your body are damaged. Damage to the nerves interfere with communication between the brain and other parts of the body. Peripheral...
Bursitis occurs when there is inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae). Bursae cushions the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints. Four common locations for bursitis to occur are in your elbows, shoulders, hips and knees. These joints are at a higher risk of bursitis due to frequent repetitive movements....
Whiplash is a forceful, rapid back and forth movement of the neck. Whiplash is commonly caused by sports injuries, physical abuse, rear ended car accidents (MVA) and other types of traumas. Whiplash injuries can range from mild to severe. Signs and symptoms of whiplash may include: Loss of...
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is tissue that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). An ACL injury is a tear or sprain of the anterior cruciate ligament. Most ACL injuries occur during certain sports such as soccer, football, skiing, tennis and basketball. You can injure your...
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that affects the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves which make up the central nervous system. Over time multiple sclerosis can lead to vision problems, muscle weakness, loss of balance or numbness in the upper and lower limbs. People between the ages of 20...
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition which presents with stiffness, reduced movement and pain in the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint consists of bones, ligaments, and tendons which are all enclosed in a capsule. Frozen shoulder can occur for a range of reasons including when the...
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause and/or exacerbate chronic health issues such as difficulty breathing and shortness of breath, reduced exercise performance and diminished quality of life. Inactivity can lead to deconditioning, allowing further worsening of symptoms. Complications after COVID-19 can last for days, weeks, months or even years. These complications...
Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy can help get you back on your feet after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Complications after COVID-19 can last for days, weeks, months or even years. These complications may include impairments in muscle strength, heart and lung capacity, pain, balance, dizziness and walking ability. Fatigue...
The TecnoBody balance system is used to test and improve a patient's static and dynamic balance. The intuitive and easy to use TecnoBody software comes fully equipped with an assessment program, training modules, games and activities. This lets the patient and therapist to visually see the patient's balance analysis as...
Reddy Care Physical, Occupational and Aquatic Therapy is continuing to provide a safe environment for our patients. All our staff and therapists are wearing PPE and follow precautions recommended by the CDC, which include: KN95 Masks Gloves Face shields Booties/gowns Temperature kiosks Goggles Sanitizing solutions Isolation barriers Molekule Air...
Pediatric physical therapists provide support and services to children and adolescents. Pediatric physical therapists help children and adolescents improve their range of motion, flexibility, strength and movement patterns. Children may need pediatric physical therapy for the following reasons: Trauma and/or injury Altered Reflexes Developmental delays Pain management Balance &...
Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a condition where your jaw is limited in movement. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a hinge that connects your jaw to the bones, which are in front of your ears. The temporomandibular joint allows you to move your jaw so you can chew, talk, and yawn....
Simple Tips to Relieve Your Headaches! Many people suffer from headaches. You may experience headaches at any age. Try the following tips to help manage your headaches: Ease pressure on your head: your headaches may be caused by external compression. It's important to remember that headbands, hair...
The Solo Step is designed to prevent patients from falling while also aiding and encouraging their balance during gait. This overhead track and harness system instills confidence in patients to facilitate recovery from neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. It provides support during all aspects of therapy, including sit-to-stand, ambulation/gait, balance training...
Cupping therapy is used by physical therapists to help relieve pain and inflammation. During the cupping treatment, physical therapists place special cups onto your skin to create suction. The cups sit for 5 minutes causing your skin to become red and expand your blood vessels. The suction helps to improve...
Post Operative Rehab is a type of physical therapy which helps support recovery after surgery. It is important to take the time after surgery to work with therapists to rebuild strength and range of motion. At Reddy Care Physical, Occupational and Aquatic Therapy, a physical therapist will evaluate you...
Sciatica occurs when pressure is applied on the sciatic nerve causing radiating pain. The sciatic nerve starts in your lower back through your hips, buttocks and down each leg. Sciatica can occur suddenly or over time depending on the cause. You may experience sciatica at any age but it is...
Arthritis is a disease that causes inflammation and degeneration to one or more of your joints. During the colder season, we often complain of joint pain, stiffness in the muscles and inflammation. Symptoms of arthritis are different depending on the type and joints affected. The most common types of arthritis...
Scoliosis is a condition in which you are diagnosed with a sideways curvature in the spine. Most cases of scoliosis are mild but severe scoliosis may occur. It is important to catch scoliosis early on to help give you time to correct the curve before it becomes severe. Scoliosis can...
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition where pressure is applied to the median nerve. The median nerve goes through a passage in the wrist called the carpal tunnel and it finishes in the hand. When ligaments around the carpal tunnel become tight, pressure is placed on the median nerve...
Vertigo is a vestibular disorder which makes you feel a rocking or spinning sensation. Vertigo can last for a few hours, days or even weeks. Vertigo is often caused by an inner ear problem and you may experience vertigo with certain head movements. Some of the most common causes of...
Laser therapy is a medical treatment that uses specific wavelengths of light to create therapeutic effects. Laser Therapy is a non-invasive, safe, and effective treatment modality. Laser therapy treatment is used to treat acute and chronic injuries as well as post-activity recovery. It is also used to help delay or...
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) also known as Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is performed to replace the damaged knee joints that are causing pain. The components of your knee allow you to complete your daily activities as well as sitting, standing, bending, and walking. There are two types of knee replacement...
Kinesio tape also known as kinesiology tape, elastic therapeutic tape, KT, and K-tape is an elastic cotton strip with acrylic adhesive that helps pain caused by an injury. Kinesio tape is safe for all ages and is flexible enough to be used during rehab and for athletes. Kinesio taping is...
Pinched nerves occur when compression or pressure is applied to a nerve. The most common areas to experience a pinched nerve are in your neck, shoulder, lower and upper back. You may also experience pinched nerves in your arm, hand, elbow or wrist. Bones, muscles, tendons, and cartilage are examples...
Shoulder pain is physical discomfort which can be caused by the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments in your shoulder. Damage to any of the structures in your shoulder can affect the shoulder joint and result in pain. Younger people can experience shoulder pain due to accidents and injuries. As you...
Balance problems can occur after an injury or can present through a specific diagnosis. Specific diseases affect the structure in your body that helps your balance, which include your eyes, ears, muscles, joints and nervous system. Older adults experience balance problems more commonly than others. There are many causes...
Being active is important for our health but on occasion you may sustain an injury. Sports injuries occur as a result of participation in recreational or professional athletic pursuits. These injuries range from muscle sprains, strains, tears of ligaments, shin splints, swollen muscles and fractures or dislocations. Injuries can occur...
Lewy Body Dementia Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is a type of Dementia, which is characterized by an abnormal buildup of proteins. Lewy Bodies are microscopic and abnormal deposits that damage brain cells. This type of dementia leads to the impaired ability to remember, think, or make decisions (motor control)....
AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill Anti-Gravity treadmill, also known as AlterG, has the same platform as a treadmill but is unlike any other running equipment! The celiathlete, writer of The Machine that Just Changed My Life: The AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill states, “The AlterG’s technology was originally conceived as part of an...
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a form of chronic pain, which often affects the arm, leg, hand or feet, that can develop from major and minor traumas. These injuries can range from a simple sprained ankle to an infection, surgery, stroke or heart attack....
Herniated Discs Your spine is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. Each bone is cushioned by a disc that contains a soft jelly-like center that’s protected by a tough exterior referred to as an annulus. This disc allows you to move and bend your spine. If...
Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia is one of the most common types of chronic pain disorders in adults. Women are twice as likely to develop fibromyalgia than men but it can happen to anyone at any age. Most people are diagnosed around 35-45 years old and are more likely to experience it as...
Occupational therapy (OT) teaches you how to adapt and perform any tasks whether it be at school, work or home. OT focuses on helping patients improve their daily function and perform daily tasks. Occupational therapists work with people of all ages, from children to seniors. Occupational therapy may help recover...
Shoulder pain is unfortunately a common problem. The shoulders ball and socket joint helps give you a great range of motion, but it is known to get dislocated more often than any other joint in the body. Repeated stress from the way you use your shoulders everyday can lead to...
An ankle sprain is an injury which occurs when the ankle rolls, twists or turns in an abnormal way. This may tear the ligaments that help hold the ankle structure together. Sprained ankles may present with swelling, bruising, tenderness, pain and the sensation of instability. Ankle sprains are common injuries...
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a central nervous system disorder that affects movement. People with PD may experience tremors, bradykinesia, limb rigidity, changes in gait and balance. Parkinson’s is caused by a combination of genetics, environmental factors and lifestyle influences. Treating Parkinson’s Disease involves help from a wide variety of specialists....
Deconditioning is a process that can happen after a serious bout of inactivity, or bedrest. It can result in functional losses, both in mental status and physical ability. It is frequently seen with the elderly after a period of hospitalization. The resultant loss in muscle mass and strength can have...
Hands on therapy is a type of physical therapy technique that specifically addresses the source of your discomfort by manual contact and mechanical movements. Treatment may include the therapist moving joints in specific directions at specific speeds to increase mobility, and stretches and rotations to help relieve inflammation. Hands on...
How is your posture? Posture is an important part of everyday life that many of us tend not to focus on – Do you slouch in your desk chair, or slump at your computer while you do work? When you stand for prolonged periods of time, do you notice your...
Multiple sclerosis (M.S) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system. This includes the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. The resulting pain, and loss of function can make life considerably difficult. M.S. comes about when the body’s immune system starts mistakenly attacking the protective covering on...
Fibromyalgia is a long term, chronic, and painful condition defined by tenderness and fatigue throughout the body. While it’s unclear what causes fibromyalgia, it appears to happen when the body's central nervous system doesn’t process pain properly. Symptoms of fibromyalgia often start after an emotional or physical trauma. Genetics...
Arthritis is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the United States and is a leading cause of disability. Arthritis is basically pain and inflammation of the joints. There are more than a 100 types of arthritis, some types of arthritis include: Osteoarthritis – this is the most...
The vestibular system refers to the sensory systems within your inner ear that provides your brain with information about balance, motion, and the location of your head and body in relation to your surroundings. Vestibular disorders relate to the inner ear and issues within this system. Dysfunction of the vestibular...
Your feet and heels are extremely valuable in terms of helping you move around and get place to place. Unfortunately, they have to work extremely hard to support your weight, and because of this they can experience a lot of wear and tear and can become susceptible to different injuries...
A herniated disc is a relatively common condition that can occur anywhere along the spine, but most commonly affects the lower back and neck. Your spine is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. Each vertebra is cushioned by a disc with a soft jelly-like center. A...
It is a common aspiration to become healthier, stronger, and more active. However, this can sometimes be a difficult feat, with lack of time, pain, injuries, or difficulty sticking to a nutritious diet. When you are in pain, undesirable chemicals within your body are heightened, which can increase stress. As...
Physical therapy treatments can help improve your health, but they only work if you apply healthy lifestyle choices in your everyday life, as well. Some tips you can do on your own to become healthier, stronger, and more active include:1. Taking care of aches and pains. Don’t let these longterm...
Shoulder pain can come about for a variety of different reasons; an accident, overdoing an activity where you used your shoulder, or a more serious condition like arthritis. The shoulder is a complex combination of muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments that enable you to rotate your arms and allow...
As June is national scoliosis awareness month, we thought it was only appropriate to take a closer look at scoliosis and how physical therapy can assist in treating scoliosis. Scoliosis is simply a sideways curvature of the spine. This can cause varying degrees of discomfort and back pain. Patients...
About 31 million Americans experience low back pain at one point in their lives. Most cases of low back pain are not caused by serious injuries, but are developed over time. The three most common mistakes people make that prevent them from healing are: thinking medication will correct their underlying...
Multiple sclerosis (M.S) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes progressive damage to nerves all over your body. It is a neurological disease that causes your body's immune system to mistakenly attack the myelin sheath which is the protective covering on your nerve cells. This causes scarring which in turn...
Arthritis is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the U.S. There are over 100 different types of arthritis that have been identified. Many patients with arthritis will suffer through pain before going to a doctor and getting an official diagnosis but getting treatment early can help prevent further...
Carpal tunnel is a painful condition that can cause pain, numbness, and stiffness in the fingers and hands. The carpal tunnel is a narrow tunnel in the wrist where your major arteries and nerves pass from your forearm into your hand. When ligaments around the carpal tunnel become tight, pressure...
Occupational therapy has a variety of valuable uses including, improving fine motor skills, helping patients improve physical skills after an accident or injury, and assisting with activities of daily living, or ADLS. The term activities of daily living refer to essential tasks that each person needs to do on...
The hip is a large ball and socket joint which allows us mobility to turn and walk around. When the Hip is injured or in pain it can be quite a debilitating and painful. Hip injuires can cause pain that not only affects the hips but can radiate down to...
Exercise and sports are healthy and good for you, but occasionally they can result in injury. Accidents, poor training practices, not properly warming up or stretching, and bad gear can all cause injuries. Sports injuries can be anything from sprains or strains, to fractures or dislocation of a bone....
Spinal rehabilitation is a special type of restorative care received after a spinal cord injury. The spinal cord travels from the stem of your brain and down your back. When these nerves become damaged, communication from your brain can be affected, and your brain may not be able to send...
Neck pain cam arise for a number of different reasons. Anything from bad posture to a car accident can cause varying degrees of neck pain. Recently, a major issue causing neck pain is “tech neck” or “text neck.” These are terms used to describe the neck pain that comes from...
It’s unclear what causes fibromyalgia, although the pain is believed to be caused by an overactive sympathetic nervous system, which is the part of your body that activates your flight or fight response. In patients with fibromyalgia the brain and nerves may overreact to normal pain signals. Many patients experience...
With summer around the corner, comes more people partaking in outdoor exercises, and activities. While you are out and about, it’s important to take the necessary steps to make sure you are keeping yourself safe and preventing injuries where you can. Your knees especially are susceptible to injury, being the...
Adhesive capsulitis, otherwise known as frozen shoulder, is a condition where the tissue in your shoulder becomes stiff, and your range-of-motion becomes limited thus, leaving your shoulder “frozen”. Frozen shoulder can come about due to a variety of reasons. Certain factors can make you more susceptible to joint inflammation,...
There are some tips you can follow to relieve your sciatica pain on your own. These can be done before coming in for treatments, or in tandem with your physical therapy treatments:• Performing gentle stretching exercises.• Avoiding prolonged sitting. Make sure to get up every 30 minutes and change positions...
Did you know that over 80% of people across the world will suffer an episode of back pain at somepoint in their lifetime? If you are suffering from back pain or sciatica, you know how hindering it can be. With chronic back pain, radiating leg pain, or stinging sensations across...
Did you know that physical therapy is not just for adults? Children and even babies can also benefit from physical therapy. Children can be seen by a pediatric p.t for a variety of reasons like: delayed development injury bone or muscles issues genetic disorders such as down syndrome and brain...
Neck pain in any capacity is not fun, and in severe cases can be quite debilitating. There are a number of reasons one may develop neck pain in their life such as: Car accidents Sports injuries Poor posture while standing Slumping or slouching when sitting Repetitive motions Trips and...
Pulmonary rehabilitation refers to a supervised program that usually includes exercise training, health education, and breathing techniques to patients with certain lung conditions, or problems. This may be prescribed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and most recently to help patients experiencing respiratory issues due to...
THERE IS ONE FUNDAMENTAL RULE OF THE HUMAN BODY: IT WAS MADE TO MOVE!There are several reasons why people may not want to participate in physical activity. Perhaps your body simply doesn’t move the way it used to, or perhaps painful areas of your body make it difficult to move...
As April is Occupational therapy month, it’s only fitting that we take a look at how occupational therapy got started and the value occupational therapists bring to their patients. Occupational therapy seems to have gotten its main start in the field of mental illness. In the 18th century, patients suffering...
Do you feel sluggish or fatigued, as if it’s difficult to motivate yourself to get moving? Do your sore muscles or achy joints just add to that lack of motivation? If so, your body may be experiencing some physical problems. Living a sedentary life is one of the main reasons...
Although using exercise to promote health is not a new idea, the history of modern physical therapy in the United States really began in the 20th century, and is centered around two main events. In the early 20th century, European methodology of massage and manual muscle manipulation began to be...
Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine that affects as many as 9 million Americans. Often, this condition has no know cause. In rarer cases, the deformity is linked to injuries, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy. What are the signs of scoliosis? Poor upper body alignment can indicate scoliosis....
Herniated discs are a common cause of back pain, but what exactly is a herniated disc? Your spine is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. Each one of these is cushioned by a disc, that contains a jelly-like substance surrounded by a tough exterior called Annulus....
The term neurological disorder describes disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves throughout the human body and spinal cord. Some common examples of neurological conditions are multiple sclerosis, dementia, fibromyalgia, and diabetes to name a few. There is no one specific cause of all neurological disorders,...
Here at Reddy Care Physical and Occupational Therapy we work diligently to keep our patients safe from Covid-19. We have been following all the necessary precautions both in our clinic and in our in-home therapy sessions. We are ensuring your safety by: Providing extra care and precautions to safely...
Balance and fall prevention are an important component of physical therapy. Falls can be dangerous, leading to serious injuries and disabilities. By working with a physical therapist you can decrease your risks of falls, helping you to improve your balance, muscle strength, and endurance. Your therapy program will begin with...
Sports injuries occur during exercise or while participating in a sport, no matter if its football, baseball, tennis, or even swimming. Children are particularly susceptible because they are still growing, but sport injuries can happen at any age. Sports injuries can be sudden and acute from a specific trauma or...
A pinched or compressed nerve can cause severe and debilitating pain and without prompt treatment can become a more chronic problem and even can lead to permanent nerve damage. Pinched nerves are a problem caused by pressure of the nerves from near by bone, cartilage, muscles, or tendons. It...
Back pain is a common issue that affects most people at some point in their life. While most people recover quickly on their own, some experience more long-term chronic pain. Some may even require surgery. There is a great deal of evidence to support the benefits of physical therapy...
Your Plantar Fascia is the thick band of tissue that runs from the ball of your foot to your toes. It acts as a shock absorber and supports the arch of the foot. When this band becomes inflamed, it is known as Planter fasciitis. This typically occurs from the tightening...
Shoulder Pain is a common problem that can be uncomfortable and even debilitating. There are many conditions that can cause shoulder pain. Whether it be the result of injury or gradual deterioration, a shoulder rehabilitation program with a physical therapist can be an effective part of your treatment. After...